Connectivity analysis for mmWave V2V networks : exploring critical distance and beam misalignment

In this paper, we investigate the analytical connectivity performance of Vehicle-to-Vehicle communications when using millimeter wave carrier frequencies, by taking into account its challenges of high path loss and beam misalignment. The connectivity analysis is carried out in two dimensions; first, an analytical and parametric critical transmission range is developed, based on system parameters such as vehicle density and Signal-to-Interference-Plus-Noise ratio threshold, and second, the beam misalignment probability caused by the in-lane lateral displacement of vehicles is determined. The analysis is carried out for antennas with half power beamwidths of 3◦, 6◦, 10◦, 20◦ and 45◦, resulting in different beamwidth regimes depending upon road curvature and vehicle density. For low/medium vehicle density on low-curvature roads, the sensitivity of the network connectivity to the beamwidth is relatively small. On the other hand, the narrowest beamwidth is the best performer in terms of maximizing connectivity in low/medium vehicle density scenarios on high-curvature roads, and the wider beamwidth is the best performer for high vehicle density on low-curvature roads

A grid-based coverage analysis of urban mmWave vehicular ad hoc networks

In this letter, a tractable coverage model, specifically designed for urban vehicular ad hoc networks, is presented to aid a better system designer. This is achieved through the use of a model based upon line processes, which simplifies the analysis. It is found, that even in crowded interferer scenarios, mmWave vehicular communications can establish reliable links with an SINR threshold of around 5 dB, with a coverage probability of approximately 0.8 at 50 m separation between a typical transmitter and a typical receiver. These results, and their inference towards the design and deployment of urban vehicular ad-hoc networks, may impact the developments of future vehicle- to-vehicle (V2V) applications and services

Integration of unmanned aerial vehicles and LTE: a scenario-dependent analysis

Commercial applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are expected to be one of the disruptive technologies that can shape many activities spans from goods delivery to surveillance. To maximize the effectiveness of such UAV applications, it is very important to enable beyond-line-of-sight (BLoS) communications. Hence, integrated UAV with LTE network can be used to extend UAV operations beyond visual line-of-sight (BVLOS) communications. This paper investigates the ability of Long-Term Evolution (LTE) network to provide coverage for UAV in such rural and urban area, in particular for the uplink video transmission. The system design takes into consideration the dependency of the large-scale path loss, shadowing and line-of-sight probability on the height of the UAV in the simulation environment, which is obtained from industrial measurements, and a real-world communication infrastructure layout and configuration. Results show that UAV height is a very critical factor in terms of delay and jitter performance for urban micro scenarios, and less effective in urban macro scenarios. Nevertheless, average throughput performance is less sensitive to the change in parameters and communication environments when the application type is set as a 1080p-quality video feed. Besides, mobility performance is explored for different system parameters such as hysteresis margin, time-to-trigger under various communications scenarios. Finally, the finding presented in this paper can be a roadmap to facilitate UAV-LTE integration in the near future

Multi-lane urban mmWave V2V networks : a path loss behaviour dependent coverage analysis

Vehicular cooperative autonomy characteristics such as adaptive platooning and collision avoidance are enabled only through the capability to reliably exchange, at multi-Gbps speeds, an ever growing quantity of data that are being generated by light detection and ranging (LIDAR), HD video, radar, and other sensors. Due to its high bandwidth availability, the mmWave communication channel is expected to act as the required, underpinning technological enabler. In this paper, a tractable analytical model for an in-lane routing scheme that approximates the coverage, rate coverage and an adaptation of area spectral efficiency of mmWave urban Vehicle-to-Vehicle networks is proposed. The analytical model is proposed for three different path loss behaviour scenarios, namely, Line-of-Sight, Non-Line-of-Sight, and Obstructed-Line-of-Sight. Each scenario is based upon corresponding, previously reported, experimental mmWave measurements and path loss models. It is shown that Non-Line-of-Sight behaviour provides the best performance in coverage, but the lowest reliability. Moreover, the careful choice of link distances, i.e. forcing communication to be limited to the nearest vehicle, removes the sensitivity of the system to interferences from increased vehicle density, which is an important result to be considered in dense urban networks. Additionally, it is found that narrowing the beamwidth significantly improves the performance, which is the result of eliminated interferences, rather than a corresponding increase in antenna gain. The results of this research will impact both communications systems infrastructure designers and vehicle manufacturers looking to balance system performance in the investigated scenarios